Motivasi
Motivasi
Motif dikatakan dalam bahasa latin yaitu Movere bergerak to move (Inggris). Motif diartikan sebagai kekuatan didalam diri organisme yang mendorong untuk berbuat (driving force). Jadi Motivasi adalah keadaan dalam diri individu atau organisme yang mendorong perilaku ke arah tujuan. (Walgito, 2010).
“Motivation refers to the various physiological and psychological factors that cause us to act in spesific way and particular time” (Plotnik & Kouyoumidjan, 2013).
Motivasi mengacu pada berbagai faktor fisiologis dan psikologis yang menyebabkan seseorang melakukan aktivitas dengan cara yang spesifik pada waktu tertentu.
Seseorang yang Termotivasi Menunjukan Tiga Ciri yaitu sebagai berikut.
1. Terdorong berbuat / melaksanakan sesuatu kegiatan (Energized to do engage in some activity).
2. Langsung mengarahkan energi untuk mencapai suatu tujuan tertentu (Direct the energy toward reaching specific goals).
3. Mempunyai intensitas perasaan-perasaan yang berbeda tentang pencapaian tujuan itu (Differing intensities of feelings about reaching that goal).
Motivational Cycle
Fungsi Motivasi
Inferensi dapat diketahui atau terinferensi dari perilaku (apa yang dikatakan atau yang diperbuat).
2. Eksplanasi
Eksplanasi menjelaskan suatu perilaku.
Prediksi yaitu memprediksi perilaku yang muncul dikemudian hari.
Teori Motivasi
1. Insting Approach
2. Arousal Theory
3. Reward atau Pleasure Center Approach
4. Self Determination Theory
a. Incentive
b. Intrinsic & Exsintric Motivation
Insting Approach
Bawaan biologis seperti sistem bawaan, ini akan muncul ketika ada bawaan seperti ancaman.
Misal, dikejar-kejar hewan anjing, maka sebelumnya belum bisa lari kencang menjadi lari kencang.
Instincts are innate tendencies or biological force that determine behavior. A fixed action pattern is an innate biological force that predisposes an organism to behave in a fixed way in the presence of specific enviromental condition.
Contoh: Tupai menengangkan ekor dan mengeluarkan aroma yang khas untuk bertahan dalam suatu kondisi yang menyerang.
Arousal Theory
Stimulus rendah cenderung menimbulkan kebosanan. Stimulus tinggi cenderung menekankan.
Misal, ada sedang ujian ada soal yang sulit dapat khawatir, ada soal yang mudah malah bosan.
Arousal theory state that we are motivated to seek out activities that provide a level of stimulation that allows us to maintain our optimal level of arousal.
Performance → Task
Stimulation level is to high (anxiety)
Stimulation level is to low (boredom)
The Yerkes-Dodson Law: Performance on task is an interaction between the level of physiological arousal and the difficulty of the task. For difficult test, low arousal result in a better performance ; for most task moderate arousal helps performance; and for easy task, high arousal may facilitate performance
Example: Sensation Seeker
Arousal teori berkaitan dengan tantangan, jika tantangan terlalu rendah dapat bosan jika tinggi dapat cemas.
Reward or Pleasure Center
Approach
Includes several area of the brain such a s the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tagmental area and involve several neurotransmitters, especially dopamine. These componen make up a neural circuity that produce rewarding and pleasure able feelings.
Example: Motivated to eat, engange in sex gamble, use recretional drugs.
Self Determination Theory
Ketika kamu diamanahkan kelebihan dan menghasilkan yang bermanfaat dari kelebihan tersebut seperti kita merasa mampu, kompeten melakukannya jadi terdorong untuk melakukan.
Ketika kita terdorong melakukan karena memilih mampu terdapat rasa puas melakukan tersebut.
States that as we aim to fullfill our basic needs which include the needs to feel autonomous, compotent and related to others, we experiances either autonomo us or controlled motivation.
Incentive
Incentives are goals that can be either object or thoughts that we learn to value and that we are motivated to obtain incentive have two common features.
1. Thought (pemikiran bahwa mampu)
2. Object (money, clothes, etc)
Intrinsic & Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation involves engaging in certain activities or behavior because the behavior themselves are personally rewarding or because engaging in this activities fullfil our beliefs or expectations.
Example: Volunteer, spend hour of hobbies
Extrinsic motivation involves engaging in certain activities or behavior that either reduce biological needs or help us obtain incentives or external reward.
Jenis-Jenis Motivasi
(Walgito, 2010)
1. Motif Fisilogis
Motif yang berarakar pada keadaan jasmani. Berkaitan dengan kecenderungan untuk mempertahankan eksistensi sebagai mahluk hidup (basic motives)/motif primer (Primary motives)/motif alami/bawaan (natural motives).
- Tujuan yang dipelajari (Learned Goals).
- Motif & Kebutuhan yang dipelajari (Learned drive).
2. Motif Sosial
Motif yang dipelajari dalam kelompok sosial (kemampuan berhubungan dengan orang lain).
- Kebutuhan akan prestasi, berafiliasi, berkuasa.
Bagaimana ya, besok bayar listrik.. besok makan apa
Kenapa Bapak bilang eror karena kalian sibuk sama 3, 4 padahal butuh yang kebutuhan diri.
3. Bayar listrik
4. Harga diri
5. Aktualisasi diri
Ada saatnya, kita memikirkan itu
Lapar (Hunger)
- Biological Hunger Factor Peripheral Cues
Come from changes in blood chemistry or signal from digestive organ which secretevarious hormon.
- Central Cues
Result from activity in diffrent brain areas, which in turn result in increasing or decreasing appatite.
Psychosocial Hunger Factor
Come from learned association between food and other stimuli:
1. Learned Association
Learned Association such as snacking while watching television.
2. Social Cultural Influence
Social cultural influence such as as pressure to be thin.
3. Personality Mood Factors
Personality Mood Factors such as depression, dislike of body image or low self esteem.
Genetic Hunger Factor
1. Different number of fat cells
2. Different rates of metabolic area
3. Inherit a set point to maintain a certain amount of body fat
4. Inherit weight regulating genes
Psychosocial Hunger Factors
Learned associations between food and other stimuli such as snacking while watching tv, pressure to be thin, deperession and disslike of body image.
1. Learned Associations
2. Social Culturural Influences
3. Personality & Mood Factors




Comments
Post a Comment