Bahasa
Bahasa
• “Is spesial form of communication that involves learning and using complex rules to make and combine symbols (word or gesture) into an endlless number of meaningfull sentences”
4 Rule of Language
Govern Phonology
Governs Morphology
Governs Syntax/Grammar
Govern Semantic
Language: Basic Rules
• Allow us to use and understand spoken language with relative easy.
• Says that all languages share a common universal grammar and that children inherit a mental program to learn this universal grammar.
Aturan Dasar Berbahasa
• Allows us to combine nouns, verbs, and objects in an endless variety of meaningful sentences.
Aturan Berbahasa
– Surface structure
• refers to the actual wording of a sentence, as it is spoken → “ you pick up the cartepillar”
– Deep structure
• refers to an underlying meaning that is not spoken but is present in the mind of the listener → “A cartepilar was pick up by you”
– Transformational rules
Asal Mula Bahasa
Language stages
1. Begins about 6 months, is the first stage in acquiring language
2. Single word
– parentese (motherese)
– way of speaking to young children in which the adult speaks in a slower and higher than normal voice, emphasizes and stretches our each word, uses very simple sentences, and repeats words and phrases
– represents the third stage in acquiring language, occurs at about 2 years of age.
4. Sentences
– represents the fourth stage of acquiring language, occurs at about 4 years of age.
– genetically programmed physiological and neurological features that facilitate our making speech sounds and acquiring language skills.
– Innate physiological factors
• special adapted vocal apparatus (larynx and pharynx) that allows us to make sounds and form words.
– Innate neurological features
• What are innate factors?
• critical language period
• time from infancy to adolescence when language is easiest to learn
• more difficult to learn anytime after adolescence.
– refer to interactions children have with parents, peers, teachers, and others who provide feedback that rewards and encourages language development, as well as provides opportunities for children to observe, imitate, and practice language skills.
• Social Cognitive Learning
– emphasizes the acquisition of language skills through social interactions, which give children a chance to observe, imitate, and practice the sounds, words, and sentences they hear from their parents or caregivers.

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