Tidur

Psikologi Umum

Tidur


Rentang Keadaan Kesadaran

(Continuum of conciousness)

• Macam-macam keadaan

Consciousness

• Merujuk kepada keadaan yang memiliki tingkat

kesadaran berpikir dan merasakan yang berbeda-beda

(refers to different levels of awareness of one’s thoughts and feelings)

Continuum of Consciousness

• Merujuk kepada rentang yang luas terhadap
pengalaman dalam keadaan yang sangat disadari dan adanya kewaspadaan sampai dengan keadaan yang tdk melibatkan kewaspadaan dan respon. (refers to a wide range of experiences, from being acutely aware and alert to being totally unaware and unresponsive).

• Different states

– Controlled processes

• activities that require full awareness, alertness and concentration to reach some goal.

– Automatic processes

• activities that require little awareness, take minimal attention, and do not interfere with other ongoing activities.

– Daydreaming (Melamun)

• activity that requires low level of awareness, often occurs during automatic processes, and involves fantasizing or dreaming while awake.

• Different states

– altered states

• result from using any number of procedures, such as meditation, psychoactive drugs, hypnosis, or sleep deprivation, to produce an awareness that differs from normal consciousness.

• Different states

– Sleep

• consists of five stages that involve different levels of awareness, consciousness, and responsiveness.

– Dreaming

• unique state of consciousness in which we are asleep but experience a variety of astonishing visual, auditory, and tactile images often connected in strange ways and often in color.

• Different states

– Unconscious and implicit memory

– Unconscious

• can result from disease, trauma, a blow to the head, general medical anesthesia.

• results in total lack of sensory awareness and complete loss of responsiveness to one’s environment.

Ritme Tidur dan Terjaga

(Rhythms of sleeping & waking)

• Biological clocks

– biological clocks are internal timing devices that are genetically set to regulate various physiological responses for different periods of time.

• Circadian rhythm

– refers to a biological clock that is genetically programmed to regulate physiological responses within a time period of 24 hours.

Circadian Rhthyms


Rhythms of Sleeping & Waking

• Location of biological clocks

– Suprachiasmatic nucleus

• part of hypothalamus

• lies in the lower middle of the brain

• regulates sleep-wake cycle

• Highly responsive to change in light

• Location of biological clocks

– interval timing clock

– can be started and stopped like a stopwatch

– gauges the passage of seconds, minutes, or hours

– helps creatures time their movements, such as knowing when to start or stop doing some activity

– located in the basal ganglia

• Circadian problems and treatments

– accidents

– jet lag

– resetting clock

– melatonin

Seluk Beluk Tidur

• Stages of sleep

– distinctive changes in the electrical activity of the brain and accompanying physiological responses of the body that occur as you pass through different phases of sleep

• Alpha stage

– feeling of being relaxed and drowsy, usually with the eyes closed

• Non-REM sleep

– where you spend approximately 80% of your sleep time

– divided into 4 stages

– identified by particular pattern of brain waves and physiological responses

– begin with stage 1 and gradually enter stages 2, 3, and 4

– Stage 1 sleep

• transition from wakefulness to sleep that lasts 1-7 minutes

• gradually lose responsiveness to stimuli and experience drifting thoughts and images

• presence of theta waves

– Stage 2 sleep

• beginning of what we know as sleep

• high-frequency bursts of brain activity called

sleep spindles

• muscle tension, body temperature and heart rate gradually decrease

• more difficult to be awakened

– Stages 3 and 4

• also called slow wave or delta sleep

• waves of very high amplitude and very low frequency (delta waves)

• stage 4 is often considered the deepest stage of sleep

• most difficult to be awakened from

• heart rate, respiration, temperature, and blood flow to the brain are reduced

• marked secretion of growth hormone (GH),

• controls levels of metabolism, physical growth, and brain development

REM sleep

– makes up the remaining 20% of your sleep time

– stands for “rapid eye movement”

– eyes move rapidly back and forth behind closed lids

– pass into REM sleep about five or six times throughout the night with about 30 to 90 minutes between periods

– REM sleep remains for about 15 to 45 minutes then passes into non-REM sleep.


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